- Open-Ended Questions: Ask questions that can't be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." They invite the patient to tell their story. (e.g., "Tell me a little about your smoking.")
- Affirmations: Acknowledge the patient's strengths and efforts. This builds rapport and self-efficacy. (e.g., "It takes a lot of courage to even talk about this.")
- Reflections: Listen carefully and reflect back what you hear. This shows you're listening and helps the patient hear their own thoughts. (e.g., "So on the one hand, you enjoy smoking, but on the other, you're worried about your health.")
- Summaries: Periodically summarize the conversation to reinforce key points and demonstrate that you've been listening.
The Goal: Elicit "Change Talk." Your primary goal is to have the patient, not you, make the arguments for change. Listen for and encourage any statements they make that point toward wanting, needing, or being ready to change.